Expansion into Africa

1.   Define and explain the Partition of Africa.

The partition of Africa was a conference that was held to decide how to divide the African continent between themselves. But the Africans were not invited to this conference, which was very unfair.

2.   Define and explain imperialism.

It if when one country chooses to dominate another countries affairs. Usually they set up a colony in that country to guarantee full control

3.   Explain why Europe felt justified in colonizing Africa.

They said that they were bringing a better way of life to Africa along with religion. But this was not necessarily what the Africans wanted.

4.   Identify the first European country to Establish contact with Africa.

Belgium was the first country to establish a colony in the Congo in central Africa

5.   Identify the diseases that impeded the progress of Europeans in Africa.

The two diseases were Malaria and yellow fever which were caused by mosquitoes. 

The Effects of the Renaissance on Everyday Life

1.  Explain how the Renaissance movement changed the everyday life of the people of Europe.

The Renaissance had a lasting effect on the people in Europe because of the Printing press. Before the printing press not everyone could have a book, only the rich people could own books because of how expensive they were. But when the Printing press came around almost everyone could own a book.

2.  Explain the impact of the printing press on the lives of the people of Europe.

 Well now that they had a printing press they could all own books. Before that the books were hand written and were much more expensive. It was a good impact. People from far away could read about things happening in France.

3.  Explain how the printing press evolved.

Well first you had to invent paper. The Chinese were credited for inventing paper. Then you had to stamps words on the paper. But with the printing press you could stamp whole pages at once. Johann Gutenberg is the man that got the credit for taking the last step and actually completing the printing press. The first book that was written was the Bible which I think was awesome.

The beginning of the Renaissance

1. Define Renaissance.
 Renaissance is the time in Europe when everyone wanted to focus on being good at everything. Like not really good at one thing and bad at another but pretty good on both of them. Renaissance also means rebirth. They were being re birthed back into a time where everyone wanted to learn and be good at everything.

2. Explain why it started in Northern Italy.
It started in Northern Italy because there was a lot of trade going on around there. A lot of wealthy merchants were in Northern Italy, and because they didn't have to work that much (because they were so rich) they had more time to study.

3.Explain what a Renaissance person is like.
A Renaissance person was very knowledgeable in almost everything. They tried to learn everything and be equally good at it. Not to good at one thing not to bad at one thing right in the middle.

4.Explain how the Renaissance movement was different in Northern Italy and the rest of Europe
Well the farther north you went the more people were focused on religion. Because they were focused on religion they believed God wanted them to be better people so they tried harder and studied more.

The Catholic Church

1.  Discuss the role of the Catholic Church during Medieval Europe.

Well the Catholic Church organization was just like the Medieval social order. The Pope was like the King, the Archbishop was like the Lord, the Bishop was like the Knight, and the Priest was like the Peasant. The pope made dioceses which were large divisions which had many Churches where the Catholics could attend church. Then he appointed Bishops to be in charge of those dioceses. Then if there was a problem and the bishop needs help he would ask the person above him. But since the pope didn't want to have to worry about all of that he appointed archbishops to help out, they oversaw a few dioceses. Then there was the Priest, he oversaw just one of the many churches in the diocese. He helped the members there. Charlemagne helped the Catholic church become the main religion in Europe.


 Now that the church had that power, it used it to try to stop warfare. First they encouraged the knights to stop fighting, but they ignored them. Then they said that they should not fight anyone who was not part of the war. When again they ignored them, they set a decree that said they were not to fight on Friday's or Sundays of every week. Eventually in the 1100s the fighting started to subside. The Catholic church also used its power for good by making monasteries. Monasteries were basically refuges from war for people in the area. 



2.  Discuss the impact the four different crusades had on Europe, the Church, and Jerusalem.

Well for the first crusade the pope helped unite the people against the Turks to get Jerusalem (their holy city) back.


But once inside the city, the knights killed everyone they could for personal gain. After they conquered it they divided it up into four different parts, and it was ruled in peace for the next 150 years.


But in 1144 the Turks took control of the holy city again. A French monk called for a second crusade, but it ended in failure and they were unable to drive away the Turks. Then when another Muslim army attacked they called for a third crusade. This crusade was special because King Richard of England fought in the war.


But even with him they couldn't win. But they did reach an agreement. Now the holy city was holy for both people. So they agreed that the Muslims could have the city but they would have to allow safe passage through the city. The Muslims agreed and it was settled.


I think the impact that the Catholic church had was that it got a lot more power, also it was much more widely known.

Feudalism

1. Identify the impact the different invaders had on Medieval Europe

It made the Europeans want protection from the invaders and that is when feudalism came about to help the Europeans needs.

2. Explain feudalism and chivalry

Well to explain feudalism there were four different groups of people (from lowest to highest in social importance): 1) peasants, 2) the knights, 3) the lords, 4) the king. The peasants looked for land to grow their crops and the lords gave them the land in exchange for a part of the food that they grew. The knights were usually the second born son in royalty who wouldn't inherit anything so he usually became a knight after being a Squire. Then he sought for money from the lords, and the knights gave them protection in exchange for money. The lords got protection from the knights and food from the peasants so I think they had it the best. The king didn't get much though. The lords were sworn to protect the king, but he couldn't tax them and he didn't get much out of it. Chivalry was how they conducted themselves in battle they were brave noble loyal to their lord. They also had to not only respect noblewomen but also protect them. They also wouldn't attack a knight until he had his armor on, which would be awful. Chivalry helped reduce some aspects of the warfare at that time.
3. Explain how feudalism impacted the king. The lords? the knights? the peasants?

Well it wasn't that good to the peasants I mean they did get land and food but they could never become anything better than a peasant. for the knights I think it was good that they could become something even though they wouldn't get any inheritance. For the lords it was great, but I think they became a little to greedy at times, that's why they attacked other lords to get more power.
It wasn't that good to the king but he can't complain because he is the king, the most powerful.
4. Discuss why feudalism failed to meet the needs of the Europe.

I think it failed to meet the needs of Europe because there was supposed to be more protection, but when there was no battle the lords fought each other and it wasn't any better than being attacked from outside
5. Explain the defenses for a castle.

The defenses for a castle were a moat, Location like on a mountain or an ocean, it would be harder to attack from just one side, Inner wall, after the moat there was another wall that invaders had to destroy in order to get at the castle, Castle built of stone, was very strong thick and high, one entrance
there was always only one entrance so they could concentrate their defense on that one spot because that was the way the got in. And also there were little slits in the walls that allowed the archers from inside the castle to shoot but not get shot at.

Rome vs. Carthage

Rome and Carthage Fought each other in the sea. 

They fought for years and years until Carthage’s War leader had an idea. He thought he could fight Italy with elephants. 

So he went Down the Alps and they attacked Italy’s camp and the Romans were terrified some of them had never seen an elephant before. 

Some went on their  horses and tried to fight the elephants. But they could not defeat them. They went into their city and tried to destroy it but Rome had good soldiers. 

The leader thought of an idea. He thought he could fight from sea and he did he fought Carthage when they didn’t expect it. 

They had to surrender. When the Carthage leader heard this he didn’t like it and Rome won the war.

The Huns

The Huns were wandering people from Mongolia.
They fought China but couldn't defeat them.
They also fought India, Iran, then they settled in Hungary. I think Hungary was named after Huns.

Then they fought Italy, Germany, and France.

Attila the Hun was a fierce warrior. He fought lots of battles as the leader of the Huns and conquered many places. They were good warriors because they could shoot arrows while riding horses and practiced since they were little kids.