Spanish Colonization

1.     Explain how the Spanish set up their colonies.

They used a monarchy with a King and Queen at the top then they divided the Americas into five provinces.They also appointed people to go and live in these provinces, they were called viceroys. They also created a council called the Council of the Indies, which would create the laws. But there were some problems The viceroy lived in the province so they knew what was needed and what was not. But the council of the Indies could only guess what was right. Then there was the problem with birth. The people who were born in Spain were at the top they were called Peninsulares. Then there were people with Spanish parents but were born in America, they were called Creoles. Then there were people who had a Spanish parent and an Indian parent, they were called Mestizos. They lacked identity because they were neither Spanish or Indian they were Mestizos.

2.     Explain how the Spanish got the Native Americans to work on the farms.

They used a system called Encomienda, so they let the Native Americans have some land and then sneakily they have a Spanish guy get on the property and own it and then forces the Native Americans to work, they became like slaves. They get paid but not for how much work they do.

3.     Explain how the Spanish got the Native Americans to work in the mines.

Well they used this system  called the Draft. So every village of Native Americans had a quota of people (a limited or fixed number or amount of people) to go work in the mines each year.
But the working conditions in the mines were awful wet and cold and they had to carry giant bags of ore up out of the mine they got sweaty after doing this and some of them died once they got out of the mine and went back in because of the climate change. Just like on the farms they got paid but not as much as they should get for how much work they are doing.

4.     Explain how the Spanish replaced the Native Americans with a different source of cheap labor.

They imported Africans and made them slaves. Because the Native Americans were dying to quickly.

Jamestown

1.    Explain what Roanoke was and why it failed

The Roanoke was a Colony in the Americas. It was a fail because Raleigh put most of his money into an investment but then it failed because he was the one putting the money in and if it failed then he would lose his money, but if he made other people put their money in it like starting a lemonade stand then he would just run the lemonade stand if it went good than you are ok and the people who put their money into the Lemonade stand are ok but if you don't sell then you are still good but the people who invested in it lose their money. Raleigh then learned to make other people invest to not lose his money.

2.   Explain why Jamestown succeeded as the first English colony in North America.

They Succeeded because they built a fort first on a swamp and it was good for their defense and no one could get to them. John Smith also helped.

3.   Explain the role John Smith played in saving Jamestown.

Well everyone was going to search for gold and everyone was close to dying because they had not made farms to eat from. But then John Smith (Who is famous from the Pocahontas movie) got everything in order and forced people to work instead of hunting for gold. He even threatened to kill people if they didn't do as he said.

4.   Identify how most English colonies made money.

Well they got gold from the Native Americans by trading and conquering their cities of gold.

French colonization

1.  Identify the first French explorer who discovered Canada
The first French explorer to discover Canada was named Jacques Cartier.

2.  Explain why the French had to work with the Native Americans
Because they didn't have that many people and couldn't farm or take over the Native Americans.

3.  Explain how the French ran their trapping business.
They built trading posts along the Native Americans border and they traded furs for weapons horses and jewelry, things that the Native Americans didn't have, it worked out for both of them.

4.   Explain why the way the French used the land clashed with the way the English used the land.
Well the French wanted to use the land for trapping but the English wanted to farm it and they couldn't both do the same thing there so the English over ran the French with their population

Arrival of the first Americans and Plains Indians

1. Explain the four theories on how the Americas became inhabited

Well the first theory was the Ice/Land Bridge theory. It said that Russia was touching Alaska by either the ice or by land.
The second theory was the Native Americans had always lived in the Americas.
The third Theory was that some of the ten tribes of Israel got scattered to the Americas.
The fourth Theory is the most unlikely. It is that the sailors got lost and ended up in the Americas. But you need men and women to start life so unless there were woman on board this doesn't work.

2. Explain how and why people spread out once they were in the Americas.

 Well the hunters and gatherers had to roam for their food because they didn't grow it they had to find animals and fruit to eat. So they kept on spreading. They also wanted land for themselves

3. Explain how the Plains Indians adjusted to the environment they lived in.

Well they killed a lot of buffalo to eat but when the United states killed almost all of the buffalo they didn't have much to eat. Then the Americans taught them how to grow food. Then they got horses so they could hunt even better.

Tobacco in North America and African slaves

So from Europe people went to the Americas because they had a lot of good things like furs, fresh fish, and gold. But once all of the gold ran out then they found a new gold green gold. Tobacco, People tried planting tobacco at North america but they said that it did not taste good it was to bland lacked taste. So they took tobacco seeds from Spain and then they planted it there. They made their tobacco like this. First they would plant the tobacco then they would take the leaves and dry them and then roll them into dust. So they started planting a lot of tobacco in north america. Then they would smoke it. But the king didn't like it he said that the tobacco was bad for the people and ruined their lungs. The people didn't have good doctors back then so they kept on smoking tobacco. But soon they had to much tobacco and they had start making farms. But for farms they needed people to take care of them so when the farms got bigger they started getting slaves from Africa. So first the Europeans went to Africa traded pots and pans and other stuff like that for slaves then they went to North America and then they traded slaves for furs, fish, tobacco and other things, then they went back to Europe. This was called the triangular trade. After this Africa started losing a lot of people. So they started to stand their ground and not let the Europeans take their people. In one part of Africa an African queen named Ana Nzinga Mbande. She had a couple sisters and she helped the king fight the Europeans. This battle went on for a long time and soon the king died and someone else inherited the throne. But he was a coward and did not really want to fight the Europeans. Nzinga was mad she told him to fight them. A little after she got an English army general to help them and train their army to use guns. And soon they were doing pretty good but then the king called for peace and he told Nzinga to tell them to stop. So she went and called for peace and all was well.